The plasmapause, as originally defined, is a steep gradient in electron density separating the region of relatively high density close to the earth, called the plasmasphere, from the region of ...

When computer hardware performance has not yet been developed, calculating 2D Wadell roundness requires comparing the curvature radius of each corner of the particle with that of a circular hole ruler ...

Recently, the following global-best strategy and discussion mechanism have been prevailing to solve the slow convergence and the low optimization accuracy in the brain storm optimization (BSO) ...

With the ability to observe the entire sunlit side of the Earth, EPIC data have become an important resource for studying cloud daily variability. Inaccurate cloud ...